Title: A NUTS 3 level socio-economic analysis using multivariate methods
Authors & affiliations: Krisztián Ritter, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Rural Development and Sustainable Economy, Department of Rural- and Regional Development, Gödöllő, Orsolya Varga, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Doctoral School of Economics and Regional Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
Abstract:
This study applies factor analysis and cluster analysis to explore county-level differences, with emphasis on economic performance, employment, industrial activity, demographic trends, education, and tourism potential. The focus is on the Romanian NUTS-3 regions (named ‘counties’). The results highlight Cluj and Sibiu as the most advanced counties in economic terms, while Harghita and Covasna rank among the less developed regions. The cluster analysis groups the counties into five distinct categories, with Harghita, Covasna, and Mureș classified as “moderately progressing” areas. Based on these insights, the study outlines recommendations to promote economic diversification, enhance the quality of education, develop tourism infrastructure, and strengthen regional connectivity – key measures that could reduce territorial disparities and support a more balanced spatial development in Romania.
Keywords: Multivariable Analysis, Regional Economy, Spatial planning, Territorial Inequalities
JEL Classification: R11; R50; C82